Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Awareness Week ︱ Don't be pitted by the "first aid method"! The correct approach is here→

National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day

To drowning people backwards to control the water, when stuck by a fish thorn pat back, drink vinegar, sprained immediately after the hot compress, nosebleeds when tilting the head ...... Do you know, these "first aid native methods" are wrong! The "native methods" not only can not save the emergency, but will cause secondary damage. Everyone should know the correct first aid skills, the critical moment to use!

Editor: Ting Review: Jing

Source: People's Daily

Comprehensive collation and editing by Zhejiang Hospital

All rights reserved by the original author

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@"People's Daily

Drowning backwards to control water

-Secondary death

The new concept of drowning resuscitation, awake drowning or unconscious but breathing pulse is still alive, its drowning time is relatively short, the lungs simply did not inhale water or only inhale very little water, there is no need to control water; and for drowning cardiac arrest, the urgent need is to immediately carry out cardiopulmonary resuscitation, water control will instead delay rescue.

Let drowning people hanging on the back of a cow, the bottom of the cauldron and other native methods, more is not advocated. This hanging method, if used on a drowning person without a heartbeat or breathing, is likely to delay the best rescue time, resulting in secondary death. The correct method

1. The drowning person is awake, breathing and pulse: call 120, keep warm and wait for rescuers.

2. The drowning victim is unconscious (no response to calls), breathing and pulse: call 120, clean the foreign body from the mouth and nose, stabilize the lateral position, and wait for rescuers. Closely observe the respiratory and pulse conditions, and perform CPR if necessary.

3. The drowning patient is unconscious, no breathing and pulse:

The patient is in laryngeal spasm, no respiration, weak pulse is on the verge of stopping, at this time only give open airway, artificial respiration, pulse heartbeat can be rapidly enhanced. After recovery of breathing, you can lie on your side and wait for rescuers.

4. The drowning person is unconscious, no breathing and no pulse:

Immediately clean the mouth and nose foreign body, open the airway, artificial respiration, chest compressions. At the same time, call 120 and continue resuscitation until the patient's breathing and pulse return or emergency personnel arrive.

@People's Daily

Foreign body stuck in throat, pat back

Choking

If a foreign body is stuck in the throat, there is difficulty breathing, choking and coughing or even respiratory arrest, do not pat your back or use your fingers to reach into your throat to get it, this will not only have no effect, but also make the foreign body deeper into the airway.

The correct method applies to adults

1. Rescuers stand behind the patient, with two arms around the patient's waist.

2. Make a fist with one hand and place the thumb side of the fist on the patient's thorax and on the abdomen above the umbilicus.

3. Grasp the fist with the other hand and compress the patient's abdomen with a quick upward thrust.

4. Repeat until the foreign body is expelled. For infants and children under 1 year old

1. Sit on the floor with knees bent

2. Pick up the baby and place him/her face down so that his/her body is leaning on the adult's knee.

3. With one hand, pat the baby's back between the two shoulder blades 5 times, then turn the baby over and press the chest with the index and middle fingers 5 times at the center of the baby's chest, at the lower edge of the nipple line.

4. Repeat the above actions to help the baby cough up the foreign body blocking the trachea with pressure, and keep doing so until something comes out.

@"People's Daily

Drink vinegar and swallow rice balls for fish sticks

--Make the fish stinger stuck deeper

◆Cool can't stay in the esophagus, so drinking vinegar can't achieve the purpose of softening fish sticks. Swallowing rice balls is not only ineffective, but also dangerous, because swallowing rice balls when fish spikes are stuck in the throat or esophageal mucosa will only make the fish spikes stick deeper. The correct method

Place a tongue depressor (at home, you can use chopsticks or toothbrush) on the first 2/3 of the tongue, gently press it flat and observe the whole oropharynx, and take out the prick directly by hand or forceps if you can see it.

2. If you can't see or the person can't speak, you should seek medical attention promptly.

@"People's Daily

Sprained foot hot compress

-More pain and swelling

A hot compress immediately after a sprained foot will make the ankle sicker and more swollen.

The correct method

1. The injured person immediately stop moving on the ground to stabilize the injured part, and for the first 24-48 hours, the bleeding can be inhibited by applying cold compresses. Topical medication is best used one to two days after the injury.

If the injury does not appear to be serious, try to rest the injured area and continue to apply cold compresses for 24 hours until the swelling and pain subsides, seeking medical assistance if needed. 48 hours later, hot compresses can be applied. Reminder

People with sensitive or dull sensory nerves (e.g., diabetics, stroke victims) and those with abnormal blood circulation should be extra careful when applying ice or heat. If the body has open wounds, or the skin is particularly sensitive to temperature, ice and hot compresses should be avoided.

People's Daily

Nosebleed tilting head

--pneumonia, suffocation

◆Tilting your head up is not only not good for stopping bleeding, but also makes nosebleed flow backward to the throat, esophagus, trachea and Xiao, causing discomfort and nausea, and patients with excessive nosebleeds will vomit out the swallowed blood. If you keep bending over and tilting your head, it will increase the nasal bleeding.

When the amount of bleeding is very large, tilting the head is also easy to choke the blood into the trachea and lungs, resulting in aspiration pneumonia and even the risk of suffocation.

The correct method

1 sit down, lean forward slightly, open your mouth and breathe through your mouth: pinch both sides of your nose with your thumb and forefinger and squeeze towards the back of your head for 10 minutes to feel a little pain.

2. If available, put a small ice pack on the bridge of the nose can quickly stop the bleeding.

3. If still bleeding, you can slightly move the pinch position until the blood stops. If the bleeding does not stop, you should seek medical attention immediately.

@People's Daily

Bind hard when stopping bleeding

--Necrosis at the end of the limb

◆If you cut your finger accidentally, people generally use gauze or band-aids to tightly strangle the wound.

This will hinder blood circulation, which will lead to swelling and bruising of the limb over time, and in serious cases, necrosis of the end of the limb. The right way

1. Have the injured person sit or lie down and elevate the injured part.

2. Clean the contaminated wound with water, and stop the bleeding first when the bleeding rate is fast.

3. Cover the wound with sterilized gauze or clean, breathable, non-adhesive and absorbent dressing, and press it by hand for 5-10 minutes, if the blood diffuses wet gauze, it is better not to remove it, and the dressing should be added upwards.

4. After stopping the bleeding, use bandages and cloths to wrap the wound. You can also use your fingers to press the arterial blood vessel at the proximal end of the wound on the bone to block the blood flow.

5. This method used for the extremities, but because of the impact on the blood supply, the time should not exceed 10 minutes.

@People's Daily

Coma pinch

--Ineffective and delayed treatment

◆The meaning of pinching is to make a person awake through painful stimulation. There are many reasons for today's old cited Ji Xiang class, such as Lin Bang Yang, heart time car disease, hypoglycemia, etc. Pinching is not applicable to all comas. The correct method

1 Tap the patient's shoulder and shout to see if he or she responds. 2 If the patient does not respond, lean over and observe whether his or her chest and abdomen are rising and falling to determine whether there is breathing, if there is no response and no breathing, it is cardiac arrest, immediately call the emergency number and carry out CPR.

3 Place the patient flat on a solid surface, lift the chin upward, tilt the head back, place the palm of one hand at the midpoint of the line between the two nipples, and the other hand on the first hand, with the palms overlapping and fingers straight or crossed and interlocked. When pressing, lead the upper body forward, straighten both analogs, double Kai is directly above the patient's sternum, then press straight down hard 4-5 cm, then relax, but do not leave the chest with both hands, 100 times per minute, the rhythm should be even.

4 After 30 chest compressions, give 2 artificial respirations. Then start 30 compressions again, and so on alternately until the paramedics arrive. Reminder

For the elderly whether the correct method is mastered and whether the force is sufficient are questions, so the best way is to call 120 immediately.

: @"People's Daily

Burn and scald wipe toothpaste, egg white, soy sauce

Infection

◆Unauthorized smearing on the wound not only has no effect on treating burns, but sometimes also covers up the wound so that the doctor cannot immediately determine the size and depth of the wound.

Not only will it increase the patient's pain, but it will also easily lead to bacterial growth and wound infection, and must be cleaned before administering help. Correct method

1. The burns, burns trauma under the tap shower or immersed in clean cold water (water temperature to tolerate the casualty shall prevail, generally 15 ℃ -20 ℃, summer can be added to the water ice), or with clean cold water soaked towel, gauze pad and other compresses on the trauma, but too low temperature of cold therapy is also detrimental to the trauma.

2. There is no clear limit to the duration of cold therapy, generally wait until the pain is significantly reduced after the cessation of cold therapy, almost 0.5-1 hour or longer. If the situation is more serious, you should be sent to the hospital immediately.

@"People's Daily

Drinking a lot of water after heatstroke

Affects the digestive function

◆After heatstroke, drinking a lot of water quickly and in a short period of time can cause acute gastric retention, which in turn affects the digestive function and increases the burden on the heart.

◆Don't eat cold fruits and melons after heat stroke either, otherwise the spleen and stomach will have spasms or poor blood flow, causing abdominal pain, diarrhea, etc. Correct method

1. Move. Quickly move the patient to a cool, ventilated place, make him lie flat, fan him, and untie his collar and pants.

2. Drop, use cold water or diluted alcohol to help the patient wipe his body, also can be used cold water drenched towel or ice bag, ice on the patient's neck, armpit or thigh root groin and other large artery vascular parts.

3 Take. When you feel uncomfortable, take timely antidotes such as Ren Dan, Huo Xiang Zheng Qi Shui, and drink more light salt water.

4. Pinch. If the patient has been unconscious, use the thumb to press the patient's Renzhong, Hegu and other points. After saving the awake black person, must rest in a cool and ventilated place, if back to the hot environment, it will trigger more serious consequences than before.

After heatstroke, a small amount of water can be taken, several times, each time to no more than 300 ml is appropriate.

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